A wedge welder melts only the existing sheet material and fuses it under roller pressure, so it adds nothing to the joint and produces a flat, uniform seam at high speed. An extrusion welder adds new molten HDPE from a filler rod, building a fillet bead over the edge of the overlap. Wedge welding is faster, more consistent and testable by air pressure, which is why specifications call for it on all primary seams. Extrusion welding is slower and more operator dependent, but it is the only option for patches, repairs, tight corners and detail around pipe boots. A lining specification will normally require both processes on the same project.